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01-02-2009, 11:53 AM | #52 (permalink) | ||||
Existential Egoist
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Location: Pennsylvania
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@Bold: This wouldn't be an objective morality. No human can be completely objective. Logic is the most objective way of looking at things, and the best we have. It doesn't matter if everyone in the world has the same exact right and wrong in their minds because that would not mean that their morality is objective. Morality is objective because it is logical and rational. So, Rand's definition of an objective morality is one that is rational. Basically, a morality in which one picks what is right or wrong based on the most rational way to achieve his values. Like I said before, tons of people can believe in a God. However, that doesn't make it right. In the same way, tons of people can have the same morality, but that doesn't make it objectively right. Quote:
@Underlined:I have already stated how vague the morality is. The basis for morality is reason. In other words, your right and wrong are based on the rational goals you choose and the most rational way to achieve those goals. That is the objective morality. Also, morality must be concrete if reality is. Morality is a part of reality. If logic works to disprove a god, then it works to disprove that god's morality. Quote:
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01-02-2009, 08:00 PM | #53 (permalink) |
isfckingdead
Join Date: Nov 2004
Posts: 18,967
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I had written up this long response but after reading this "example" of your "logic" I deleted it all and decided I'm going to stop arguing with you. Not to sound like a complete snob but that was one of the stupidest things I've ever read. I strongly encourage you stop reading Ayn Rand and starting reading things on the scientific method and basic philosophy of logic (especially logic fallacies.) Until then I'm not going to bother arguing with you. There's a reason basically any academic philosopher (and many people who read philosophy) view Rand as a joke you know.
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01-02-2009, 09:59 PM | #54 (permalink) | |||||
Account Disabled
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Logic 101
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01-03-2009, 06:12 AM | #55 (permalink) |
Juicious Maximus III
Join Date: Nov 2008
Location: Scabb Island
Posts: 6,525
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I think you guys are getting off-track on what morality is. I think morality mainly comes from two things. The first is our biology, some sense of morality are adaptations that we have evolved because humans are social animals and morality helps us live together. Second, morality in part changes with culture (including religion).
Evolution of adaptations and "evolution of culture" (if you can accept that as an idea) is predictable and so is morality to some extent. I'lll provide some examples to illustrate what I'm talking about and I'll start with morality as an adaptation. One should start with the perception that the gene is the (smallest) unit of selection in evolution as opposed to individuals or populations. Genes are selfish, so that would mean that there is no real altruism. However, altruism (or something like it) would come about because of selfish interest. Think of the gene that gives you blue eyes. That gene on it's own would have very low fitness. It needs all the other genes to make up an eye and then an organism that benefits from that eye in order to be selected for. Even if all genes are selfish, some have higher fitness when grouped with other genes. What you eventually end up with are genes to make humans and other living beings, gene carriers if you will. We will die, but our genes will live on and that's what's important to us, although not consciously. Remember that genes code not just for our physical bodies, but our emotions. The reward you get from having sex comes from your biology and is supposed to motivate you to having more of it. As humans, we want our genes to survive and our genes are not just found in ourselves, but also our children and family. This explains kin selection - why we care more for our family members than people we are not related to. Also, just like the gene of blue eye colour needs to work with other genes, humans (as social animals) also enjoy a higher fitness when working together with other people. That means that we must have behavioural adaptations to take care of and/or cooperate with the people around us .. but there's a fine line, at some point you start giving too much and it has a negative effect on your own interest. So from this point of view, morality should have some rather universal ideas, and it does. Killing other people should be considered bad. Killing your own children should be even worse - and cheating on your partner with other people's partners should be considered bad - and probably even more so if you are a woman because your parental investment is relatively high if you become pregnant. These are extreme examples, but extremes work very well that well. If you are constantly taking more than you give and/or doing things that lead to conflict with other people in your community, like stepping on people's toes and never saying sorry, people will think of you as rude and immoral .. wherever you are. Next, you have morality as shaped by culture. If you want to get a little pseudo-scientific about culture, you can say that culture evolves kind of like living things do. The things that are selected for are "memes", which is basically a culture-way of saying genes - ideas that sometimes make up bigger ideas when grouped together with many others. Memes are selected for or against in the collective human mindscape and what determines a memes fitness is it's appeal to us. Things that trigger emotional responses, such as joy or fear, are labeled as "important" by our brains and as a result, enjoys a higher fitness. For example, you may have the meme that there is a god. The god-meme should enjoy a higher fitness when grouped with other memes, for example memes that say if you don't believe in this, you go to hell - and if you do believe - you go to heaven. As a result, you would expect some ideas to get selected for together and as a result, the "evolution" of religions. Also, other parts of culture should evolve roughly the same way. Religions and cultures usually have their own laws and these may differ from the ones that makes sense from an adaptations-point-of-view. For example, it may be immoral to eat pork or the idea of honour may be elevated to such a degree that it justifies the killing of your own child. I think it is the cultural moral may seem to be chaotic and ever changing, but not all of it is. Back in the feudal chinese times, society may have accepted that the emperor's men could kill the farmer's wife for a trivial reason, but I'm pretty sure your average farmer would think that was an immoral thing to do - just like he would if it happened today. I know my post is horribly long, but at the same time, it's horribly short because you could write several books about this. If anyone finds this interesting, you should read famous biologist Richard Dawkins' book, "The Selfish Gene" if you haven't already - or possibly some other work of his. These are not all his ideas alone, but his first book gathered the thoughts of many academics.
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Something Completely Different Last edited by Guybrush; 01-03-2009 at 06:22 AM. |
01-03-2009, 06:58 AM | #56 (permalink) |
isfckingdead
Join Date: Nov 2004
Posts: 18,967
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Well part of the reason we got off track on morality is because we were more dealing with Objectivism and Inuzuka accused me of approaching morality different than I approach religion, which means I'm "turning off the logic-switch" and "irrational". Even though I've been trying to explain to him that I approach religion (and claim its false) based on science/historic knowledge and if you look at history than you'll see morals change from culture to culture and century to century...which doesn't lend any credibility to morality being "objective." Than when I went at it (barring the gene thing) from a scientific study angle he told me that was a bad way to go about it because humans aren't objective. Which struck me as odd since we were talking about the human idea of morality* and if humans aren't objective than how can their ideas on right and wrong be objective either? Basically in approaching morality the same way I approach religion I find that it isn't objective.
Now I've said before (I believe when I went on that long rant in the Morality and the Bible thread) that I don't doubt that morality is a selected trait and that certain societies have had members who didn't act in the best interests of their group (and acted maybe in the best interests of themselves instead or were just lazy or something) and as a result their entire group failed to survive. I think, as you said, that true Altruism is impossible (though admittedly I did not approach that from a biological perspective more from my interaction with humans) but I think operating in absolutes and extremes when it comes to human ideals is just foolish because it's not realistic. You're never going to find someone who lets themselves be violently sexed up because their "selfless." I did talk to great lengths about morality being adaptive (I believe in the morality and bible thread again.) As I said above (and you have too) ethical standards and moral norms change at different paces and in different places and in some cultures this is okay but in some cultures it's not. If you get very specific though you'll find within that culture that the general society of course isn't all going to agree what is moral and what isn't. To look at the farmer example, what if there's a farmer who is very loyal to the empire (and since in many cases marriage is just a property thing, something which nowadays we generally view as immoral) just views killing his wife as killing a cow and doesn't really care? That sounds cold but I think you get what I'm saying. The sense of right and wrong changes from person to person, there is no objective sense of it. I mean even now, there are plenty of people who are for the death penalty and consider it fair punishment but I find it horribly immoral and I am against it in all circumstances. One of the reasons I'm so passionate about Atheism is because I believe that morally religion is detrimental to society. As I've said before if you accept faith or Jesus as a moral arbitrator than logically you have to accept the Qu'ran as a moral arbitrator as well. Which means accepting the abuse of woman it also means accepting acts like 9/11 as strictly moral acts because they're only playing by your rules, as unreasonable in my mind as they are.** I really just wish we could grow past this idea that morality is something concrete. I believe we need to see it as an ongoing human discussion with an unattainable but beautiful goal nonetheless (world peace and rainbows and all that.) As times change we need to adjust our ideas (and we do.) Even Christians just base the morality their morality off of what is secular and then just go back and use the bible to justify it. I've said before if you asked Jesus about cloning or any of our modern issues he'd have no idea if it was moral or not because he wouldn't even know what cloning was! *I'm ignoring the rest of species in the world because if we widen our scope to a certain extent this isn't going to get anywhere. I mean you could see morality in the animal kingdom, for instance how wolves operate as a pack, or how a mother takes care of her young, etc. Not that I'm condemning your gene argument, I believe it and it makes sense. I just believe because of our intelligence the human idea of morality is beyond the animal one even if I'd basically define the general goal similarly. Which is that I believe there needs to be a balance between protecting personal liberties and benefiting the society as a whole. **I do want to add I'm not just attacking Islam here I do believe religion as a whole teaches some very nasty things, particularly Christianity. Masturbation is not something that should make people feel ashamed and you shouldn't feel ashamed over natural impulses either. Lust is normal and I don't believe it is a sin. I also don't believe every situation can be judge strictly as "right" or "wrong" and I think teaching that kind of thing almost condemns independent thought. I also believe teaching children these things at a very impressionable age is immoral. No matter how much my rational mind tells me lust isn't shameful I still believe it is, though logically I know it isn't "sinful." That is psychological damage I don't think can be undone and it was done by a church. I also believe the externalization of blame to be a damaging thing, people need to accept their mistakes. I could go on and on but I'll stop now as this post is already very lengthy. |
01-03-2009, 10:01 PM | #58 (permalink) | ||||||
Existential Egoist
Join Date: Jan 2007
Location: Pennsylvania
Posts: 1,468
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[QUOTEI think you guys are getting off-track on what morality is. I think morality mainly comes from two things. The first is our biology, some sense of morality are adaptations that we have evolved because humans are social animals and morality helps us live together. Second, morality in part changes with culture (including religion). Evolution of adaptations and "evolution of culture" (if you can accept that as an idea) is predictable and so is morality to some extent. I'lll provide some examples to illustrate what I'm talking about and I'll start with morality as an adaptation. One should start with the perception that the gene is the (smallest) unit of selection in evolution as opposed to individuals or populations. Genes are selfish, so that would mean that there is no real altruism. However, altruism (or something like it) would come about because of selfish interest. Think of the gene that gives you blue eyes. That gene on it's own would have very low fitness. It needs all the other genes to make up an eye and then an organism that benefits from that eye in order to be selected for. Even if all genes are selfish, some have higher fitness when grouped with other genes. What you eventually end up with are genes to make humans and other living beings, gene carriers if you will. We will die, but our genes will live on and that's what's important to us, although not consciously. Remember that genes code not just for our physical bodies, but our emotions. The reward you get from having sex comes from your biology and is supposed to motivate you to having more of it. As humans, we want our genes to survive and our genes are not just found in ourselves, but also our children and family. This explains kin selection - why we care more for our family members than people we are not related to. Also, just like the gene of blue eye colour needs to work with other genes, humans (as social animals) also enjoy a higher fitness when working together with other people. That means that we must have behavioural adaptations to take care of and/or cooperate with the people around us .. but there's a fine line, at some point you start giving too much and it has a negative effect on your own interest. So from this point of view, morality should have some rather universal ideas, and it does. Killing other people should be considered bad. Killing your own children should be even worse - and cheating on your partner with other people's partners should be considered bad - and probably even more so if you are a woman because your parental investment is relatively high if you become pregnant. These are extreme examples, but extremes work very well that well. If you are constantly taking more than you give and/or doing things that lead to conflict with other people in your community, like stepping on people's toes and never saying sorry, people will think of you as rude and immoral .. wherever you are. Next, you have morality as shaped by culture. If you want to get a little pseudo-scientific about culture, you can say that culture evolves kind of like living things do. The things that are selected for are "memes", which is basically a culture-way of saying genes - ideas that sometimes make up bigger ideas when grouped together with many others. Memes are selected for or against in the collective human mindscape and what determines a memes fitness is it's appeal to us. Things that trigger emotional responses, such as joy or fear, are labeled as "important" by our brains and as a result, enjoys a higher fitness. For example, you may have the meme that there is a god. The god-meme should enjoy a higher fitness when grouped with other memes, for example memes that say if you don't believe in this, you go to hell - and if you do believe - you go to heaven. As a result, you would expect some ideas to get selected for together and as a result, the "evolution" of religions. Also, other parts of culture should evolve roughly the same way. Religions and cultures usually have their own laws and these may differ from the ones that makes sense from an adaptations-point-of-view. For example, it may be immoral to eat pork or the idea of honour may be elevated to such a degree that it justifies the killing of your own child. I think it is the cultural moral may seem to be chaotic and ever changing, but not all of it is. Back in the feudal chinese times, society may have accepted that the emperor's men could kill the farmer's wife for a trivial reason, but I'm pretty sure your average farmer would think that was an immoral thing to do - just like he would if it happened today. I know my post is horribly long, but at the same time, it's horribly short because you could write several books about this. If anyone finds this interesting, you should read famous biologist Richard Dawkins' book, "The Selfish Gene" if you haven't already - or possibly some other work of his. These are not all his ideas alone, but his first book gathered the thoughts of many academics.[/QUOTE] What is your definition of morality. In order for me to comment on this post I would have to know. Last edited by Inuzuka Skysword; 01-04-2009 at 05:27 PM. |
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01-03-2009, 10:01 PM | #59 (permalink) | ||||||
Existential Egoist
Join Date: Jan 2007
Location: Pennsylvania
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You can't be in the middle of either. It is like a true or false situation. You either use your mind to get you through life or you don't. If you use it sometimes and forget about it others then you are an altruist sometimes and a selfish person at other times. Quote:
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01-03-2009, 10:15 PM | #60 (permalink) |
isfckingdead
Join Date: Nov 2004
Posts: 18,967
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You need to answer a few questions because I can't trust the dictionary with you since you're convinced Karl Marx and Jesus have corrupted it.
Define objective. Define rationality. Define morality. Define right. Define wrong. Then when you're done doing that please explain who the moral arbitrator would be and if there isn't one then please explain what are the "Objective Morals" that are unquestionably, rationally and logically moral. Also please use the scientific method in explaining the rationality of these objective beliefs. Thanks. Also a few other things, can you explain to me how when I explain why I'm against organized religion it's logical for you to start talking about Jesus and not the church and then tell me why you demand rationality of everyone else but not of yourself. Could you also provide historical evidence that Jesus actually existed? Once again, thanks. |
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