1. First off Major and Minor is referring to the key/chord/scale (interval). To be more exact it is the width of notes. Minor would mean less space and closer together and Major typically meaning the opposite.
2. That is good that you want to learn something, but to really make any real music you have to have some basic knowledge of chords (rhythm), notes (lead). This is not difficult to learn if you start simple and work your way up. Within a few months you will have the basics and be able to make relativly simple music on your chosen instrument.
3. I suggest using this book.
Everything Reading Music: Step by Step. Its great for people just starting out who are not sure where they want to go with it.
4. I suggest starting out on piano (as it is in my opinion the easiest method to learn notation basics) because then you can branch out to synths and all the "electronic/computer programs" that work hand in hand.