Not precisely colonialism, but oppression was defo involved. The later texts of the quran and hadith were written (or said/done/not done for the hadith) when muslims began facing persecution in Mecca through the various wars they fought until mohame died, and the tone grew markedly more militant compared to its earlier foundations.
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Studies show that when a given norm is changed in the face of the unchanging, the remaining contradictions will parallel the truth.
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