I recommending listening to Arnold Schoenberg (especially Verklarte Nacht, Op. 4. The most beautiful string quartet I've ever heard) for complex atonal music like Stravinsky (though the two approach the situation with two very different schools of thought) and Steve Reich (his
phases and Music for 18 Musicians are great) for minimalist stuff like Phillip Glasshol
e.
And I also love John Cage, my favourite (modern and otherwise) composer. Check out Sonatas and Landscapes, A String Quartet in Four Parts, Four, and Roaratorio.